Category Archives: Podcasts 2025

The Rest is History Episode 579 The Irish War of Independence: Showdown in London (Part 4) This episode looks at the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed in December 1921. “Deals” are all the go with Donald Trump, and this episode reveals the intransigence and craftiness of ‘deal-makers’, in this case Lloyd George. David Lloyd George was a Welshman, from a non-conformist background (although he personally lost his faith). He despised Catholics, and as a Welshman couldn’t understand why Ireland objected so much to the United Kingdom. He was radical and charismatic, but he was dependent on the Conservatives (who were protestant and anti-catholic) to maintain his position. For some reason, Éamon de Valera refused to go to London to negotiate the treaty, sending instead a team including Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith, with instructions not to sign anything without checking with him first. But Lloyd George was a masterful negotiator who separated out Collins and Griffith from the rest and dealt with them individually, and Griffith was too quick to sign a document of agreement made as part of this separate negotiation. The ‘deal’ they came up is encapsulated in the border which lasts till today, and Lloyd George came out the winner, achieving his two ‘red lines’ of maintaining the unity of the empire, and devising a solution that was acceptable to the Conservatives on whom his government depended. De Valera was furious, especially over the oath that had been agreed to, and walked out when the deal was backed by the unofficial Irish government. On 14 April 1922 the armed IRA occupied the Four Courts in a challenge to the Collins/Griffith government.

Shadows of Utopia Tet Part 2: the My Lai Massacre This long episode doesn’t start with My Lai but instead with the village of Ha My on 25 February 1968, a few weeks before the My Lai massacre. By this time, the fighting was petering out, and the NLF flag had been taken down at Hue. A troop of soldiers, mainly South Korean but also with Australian and Thai soldiers called a meeting of the villagers to be addressed by the South Korean commander. The villagers, mainly women, old men and children, gathered hoping to receive some of the lollies that the US-aligned troops handed out. 135 villagers were shot.

By the time My Lai occurred, Westmoreland was confident of victory. There were 500,000 US troops in Vietnam, mostly draftees. They had a 12 month stint there, which Lachlan Peters emphasizes as it was too short to gain any real expertise or experience, and there was a constant churn of men eager to do their time and get home. My Lai was in a ‘free fire’ zone, where ‘shoot first, ask questions later’ was the modus operandi. Charlie Company was led by William Calley, who had benefitted from the churn of personnel to be promoted beyond his modest abilities. The troops were not trained in how to deal with civilians and non-combatants. On 16 March 1968 he led over five hours of pandemonium, arriving at 7.30 in the morning and killing between 350-500 villagers by lunchtime. The divisions had been split up from each other, but there was no attack on them by the Viet Cong. There was an immediate coverup. There’s not many heroes here, but one was helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson who challenged Calley, rescued the few people he could, and reported the action to his superiors. He received a Distinguished Flying Cross, but threw it away.

Lachlan then embarks on a (long) reflection on why the My Lai massacre occurred.

NY Times The Daily Parenting a Trans Kid in Trump’s America. A policy which might (and that’s a big ‘might’) seem acceptable on the face of it can be challenged when it comes down to an individual person and their family. This podcast features two parents, both ministers in Christian churches in the South, who become increasingly conscious of their child’s unhappiness as she (they use the preferred pronoun ‘she’) approaches puberty. To give some breathing space for their child Allie to make up her mind, they begin to search for puberty-blocking hormones, only to find the options becoming increasingly narrowed as Trump’s policies on trans people take effect. Even moving to a ‘blue’ state sees the options dry up, out of fear of penalty and retribution.

Witness History (BBC) The Father of E-Books In 1971 Michael Hart had access to an ARPANet computer at a university for one week. He typed the Declaration of Independence into the computer and emailed it on to the 100 people who had access to the network. This was the genesis for his plan to make the world’s literature available online, starting with 100 books, then going on to the next 100. Project Gutenberg was born!

Missing in the Amazon (Guardian) Episode 3: The protector and the poacher looks at Bruno Pereira, the indigenous expert who was killed along with Dom Phillips on the Javari river in western Brazil. Pereira was born in the city, but was recruited to work with the forest people. When he was dismissed from FUNAI (National Indigenous People Foundation) , an indigenous rights foundation, he worked with EVU, established by his colleague Betto (?) and they patrolled the river, destroying the boats of illegal miners and poachers. One of those poachers was Pelado (Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira) who had been part of the settler colonization of indigenous areas that was encouraged by the military dictatorship in the 1960s until they were evicted from Indigenous areas in the 1980s. Seething with resentment, and emboldened by Bolsonaro’s anti-Indigenous policies, Pelado lived in a river-side village, where Dom and Bruno were shot. Episode 4: The Ambush is a first-person account by Dom Phillips’ colleague at the Guardian, Tom Phillips (similar name, no relation) who was one of the people who searched the Javari river for the missing men. From the police interviews with Pelado and his brother Oseney da Costa de Oliveira, we learn that the men were ambushed and shot at Pelado’s village, with their bodies moved several times to hide them from discovery.

Rear Vision (ABC) The Rise of Vladimir Putin Putin has been in power for 25 years and has moulded himself to the times. He came to power promising order after the orgy of corruption by the oligarchs in the wake of the dissolution of the USSR, then when economically things picked up with oil exports etc. he oversaw a prosperous economy. But in the last few years he has been a war president, defining himself as anti-Europe, anti-woke, anti-liberal. He has, however, always been popular, with his approval ratings (to the extent that you could trust them) not dropping below 60%. Although he initially had the support of the anti-oligarch middle class, many people felt that they had been sold a pup with his power-swap with Medvedev, he has maintained authority and popularity. The current situation is a consequence of the end of the Cold War, but instead the West is moving more towards Russian ideas, with the rise of the hard right across the world. The episode features Arkady Ostrovsky, Russian editor for The Economist magazine, Ivan Nechepurenko, journalist with the Moscow bureau of the New York Times and Joshua Keating, staff writer at Slate magazine.

Witness History St Teresa of Avila’s severed hand Well, when you dig up a body and it hasn’t decomposed, of course you’ll chop off its hand as a relic. Especially if it’s the hand of St Teresa of Avila. Somehow it ended up in a convent in Ronda, where it stayed until General Franco took it and kept it in his bedchamber “looking after it” during the war and then asking to keep it until the end of his reign. The sisters of the convent didn’t get it back until 1976. It was on display in its special case, with rings on the fingers. I visited Ronda back in July 2018 but I didn’t know about this relic: I visited a church there, but obviously the wrong one. In Feb 2024 the four remaining sisters were advertising for other Carmelite nuns to come there because it was in danger of closing – I wonder if it did? It seems to still be going.

The Ezra Klein Show Best Of: Barbara Kingsolver on ‘Urban/Rural Antipathy’ This episode was recorded some time ago, when Barbara Kingsolver’s Demon Copperhead had just been released (see my review of the book here) I knew that Kingsolver was from Appalacia, but I hadn’t realized how much she saw this as an Appalacian story and her attempt to breach the chasm of understanding between urban and rural Americans. This was before the Second Coming of Trump, and in many ways she foreshadows it here. Good interview.

The Human Subject (BBC) The Mothers of Gynaecology This is the story of a 17 year old enslaved girl – Anarcha – and the other enslaved women who gave birth to the field of gynaecology. The year is 1845 and Anarcha has just had a baby. But there’s a problem. She was in great pain and her doctor, J Marion Sims, believed nothing can be done about it – at least at first.

She had developed a vesico-vaginal fistula, a hole between her bladder and her vagina. This left her incontinent and in the doctor’s words: “aside from death, this was about the worst accident that could have happened to the poor young girl”. [Many women in third world countries, particularly in Africa, continue to suffer this appalling, life-changing condition]

It was only once Dr Sims worked out a way of getting better access to the vaginal area through the Sims speculum and the ‘Sims Position’ (lying on the left side) that he realized that maybe something could be done. He ‘took over’ Anarcha, as well as a number of other enslaved girls with the same condition, and began experimenting without consent (she was enslaved, after all) and worse still anaesthetic! Anarcha endured 30 surgeries. Ironically, Dr Sims is the one who is celebrated as the ‘father of gynecology’ with his women ‘subjects’ largely unrecognized as the ‘mothers of gynecology’ until recently.

Missing in the Amazon (Guardian) In June 2002 a Guardian journalist, Dom Phillips and an indigenous expert on uncontacted and recently contacted indigenous Amazonian tribes, were murdered. It garnered a lot of attention, probably because Phillips was British, because indigenous rights activists and environmentalists have long been in danger on the Amazon. This is a six-part series published by the Guardian, and pleasingly, the episodes only go for about 1/2 an hour (just the right length!) Episode 1: the disappearance starts with the search for their boat and bodies on the Javari River in the Vale do Javari in western Brazil, right in the middle of South America, near the borders of Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. It’s supposedly an indigenous-only zone, but it is a notorious route for drug-trafficking, and illegal mining, fishing and logging. Episode 2: The Journalist and the President looks at Dom Phillips, who started off as a music journalist and ended up being a freelance journalist working all over the world. He had become particularly interested in Brazilian politics and economic and cultural development, and was married to a Brazilian woman and lived in Brazil. When Jair Bolsonaro came to power in 2019 he gave the green light to many illegal activities on indigenous land, and 2 billion trees were lopped during his presidency. Terrible man.

Behind the Bastards Christmas Non-Bastard The Tupamaros of Uruguay Parts 1 and 2 This program delves into the ‘baddies’ but as part of their Christmas Good Cheer, they nominate a non-bastard, and in December 2021, that was Jose Mujica and the Tupamaros. It’s presented by journalist Robert Evans, who has mainly worked on Bellingcat and specializes in extremism. He has read up on other people’s research for this episode, and I did learn some things that I didn’t already know. For example, the fact that there are many old cars in Uruguay because people believe in looking after things and not throwing them out (which fits in well with Jose Mujica’s ‘sobriety’); or the fact that during the 1950s a plebiscite with a very low turnout voted to abolish the position of president, which further cemented the two-party system already in operation. Or the fact that during the 1960s the first highly-educated population of Uruguayan students came of age. Or that during the mid 60s to 1980s, about 300 Tupamaros’ were killed, and they killed about 50 people.

But it was REALLY annoying to hear the way he mangled Mujica’s name, and where on earth is Monty-video (pronounced as if it’s a local video shop in Montmorency) instead of Montevideo?? Ye Gods.

The Rest is History Episode 577 1066: The Norman Conquest (Part 4) So Harald Hardrada is dead; Harold Godwinson is dead, and William of Normandy is now the Conquerer. Why was it game over? Mostly because there was no-one competent left to lead the resistance who had the legitimacy to act as King. The teenaged Edgar Atheling was elected King of England by the Witan in 1066, but it never proceeded any further and he was never crowned. William had behind him a formidable war machine, and when he was crowned using traditional rites as the King of the Anglo Saxons at Westminster Abbey, there was both continuity and rupture. But within 20 years, the fashions had changed, all the dynasties were gone, and the Thanes were destroyed as a social order. Ten Norman families held 1/4 of England, and many families fled to Constantinople. Was this part of William’s plan? Probably not: instead his plan of castle and cathedral building was a response to constant uprisings throughout the country. By the time all the landowners came to pledge allegiance to him at Salisbury in 1086, the Domesday book had worked out who owned what under Edward I and who owned what now. William’s reign saw an end to the rivalry for the throne which had convulsed the country earlier.

Witness History BBC. This BBC program only goes for nine minutes, and they draw from interviews in the BBC archive. As a result, the majority of subjects deal with the 1930s onwards, but in The Russian Revolutionaries nearly stranded in London, it goes back to the 1907 congress of Russian revolutionaries held in London because it was too dangerous in Russia. The congress was attended by Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky but they ran out of money. Journalist Henry Brailsford arranged for them to meet a benefactor, who provided the funds for them to return home, and Brailsford himself was interviewed about it in 1947. This must be the ‘oldest’ witness history in the program because there wouldn’t be many witnesses to 1907!